Evaluating The Role And Importance Of Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay

Assessing The Role And Importance Of Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay Generally, business has been characterized as various methods of asset distribution and streamlining of hierarchical procedures, consistently in an imaginative route so as to bring down expenses and improve results. One-sided, is related with the term of business enterprise to make new organizations, by and large little and small scale ventures. Other than that business enterprise is connected to hazard taking. In Druckers (1986), the enterprising profile includes attributes as: the quest for change, the vision of chance, inventiveness, development and acknowledgment of dangers and vulnerabilities identified with business. The relationship among business and hazard resistance is typically standard. For the most part, it is standard to accept that business people are more hazard open minded. This was the reason for investigation in this examination, which study the relationship between level of business enterprise of an individual and their degree of hazard resilience. This article investigates the relationship between two factors, introduced as the degree of business enterprise of an individual, their degree of hazard resistance and hazard taking. Characterizing Entrepreneurship Characteristics or qualities As indicated by Drucker, P. (1986 pp. 131) contend that the meaning of enterprise lately observe changes experienced by impacts regions as human studies, humanism and business procedures to introduce their hypotheses and help the formation of new business visionaries. The thought and rule that the business enterprise process starts in establishments with social and social ramifications. The unavoidable issue about enterprise is connected in the hazard that the business visionary races to create and actualize another business. There is a connection in enterprise and the hypothesis of prospect, which manages conduct and connection to hazard, it is the business person ready to face monetary challenge, vital and operational levels to build up another business. The issue of business enterprise in settling on choices comparable to hazard was the subject of research by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, whose outcomes were referred to by specialists as Prospect Theory. The early examination was because of the way that business visionaries carry on or have a normal exhibition as per the standard of the normal return. The trials have uncovered examples of conduct controlled by two significant human deficiencies: the feeling that restrains or confines the discretion fundamental to the procedure of dynamic, and intellectual troubles that thwart the full comprehension of the issue confronted, especially given the hard to draw legitimate speculations of tests accessible, which prompts the selection of increasingly emotional strategies, known as degrees of conviction. As indicated by Schumpeter, J. (1987) concurs that each business visionary has a profile of inventive limit and acknowledgment of hazard, and furthermore that not all results are effective, and the innovative capacity has the duty of the connections between the business and social factors that are available in association. Innovative culture Consumes, P. (2007) reports that since the start of the time of business enterprise was trusted that the social setting substantially affected the advancement of business enterprise. The propensity for enterprise varies among social orders, since that culture directs the attributes of business people contrast here and there. As the getting Burns, P (2007), individuals are not brought into the world a business person, he builds up this characteristic in nature they live and the earth, both the time and the spot is a constructive or adverse impact of this pattern. The pioneering society depends on the grouping of different types of enterprise, important for the assurance of this culture. In the perspective on Kent, C. (1990), there are a few activities and types of business enterprise as the innovative profile, the pioneering the executives, enterprise endeavor, business enterprise aggregate, as per this creator, there are enterprising society requires in any event two of these structures. he innovative culture stresses the rise of new chances, the way to profit by them and the production of sufficient framework to exploit them. The technique and arranging are the establishments of innovative culture, to diminish vulnerabilities in the business openings, which is steady with the demeanor of the business visionary consistently figure the danger of planned way. In this sense, one can build up that Entrepreneurship Education is the procedure that focuses on human improvement with regards to distinguishing and misusing openings and their resulting change into the real world, accordingly adding to the age of money related qualities, social and social society in which the individual is. Through arranging and creating systems and hazard estimation and objectives. procedure of business enterprise Each pioneering strategic extraordinary, some undertaking had achievement history and other didn't. The business adventure are the outcome that triumph history in business visionary way. In any case, the business procedure ought to be break down a worldwide way, since the gives a substance to investigate how enterprise designs new thoughts and better approaches to give openings and adventures. Moreover, the method of business enterprise offers information to mapping and to dissect the inventive activities. As per Wickham, P. ( 2006, pp. 223) asserts that the way to deal with the pioneering system that will be portrayed here depends on four connecting possibilities. The agent is capable to unite these variables to make development esteem. The four possibilities factors in the business procedure are, business visionary, opportunity, association and assets. Source: Wickham, P. (2006, pp.224): The pioneering procedure: opportunity, assets and association. business visionary As indicated by Wickham, P. ( 2006, pp. 209) achievement depends on the endeavors capacity to fulfill financial, social and formative needs. As it were, the innovative achievement is outcome of set attributes of individual abilities, information, recognition and character qualities that lead to investigate and assess the pioneering achievement. The business person is an agent who is capable of enterprising procedure, as such, he is charge to oversee and lead the association targets. Business visionaries are not just the individuals who have thoughts, make new items or procedures. They are additionally the individuals who actualize, lead groups and sell their thoughts. It is hard to track down every one of these attributes in a single individual. Along these lines, the recognizable proof of each profile is the key, and collaboration can be basic to the accomplishment of business people inside an association. For instance, Steve Jobs is the prime supporter of Apple, Pixars previous proprietor and maker of the most sweltering contraptions of the most recent 10 years isn't just a specialist, yet it is without a doubt one of the most visionary and gallant business visionaries who showed up in the business world in late decades. Opportunity The open door is the hole in the market that ought to be involved by contenders or providers. The open door points the space on the part or condition showcase that ought to be met by business visionaries. The primary goal of business visionary is to check and watch the accessible or likely open door in the market. The best situation of accomplish the open door is the development approach that the representative shows to the market. Association Looking to serve the advancement to the earth serious the capacities and exercises of the workers ought to be facilitated, this is the propose of the organization ought to convey. The organizations can be changed concurring the activities and methodologies, similar to, their size, their structure, their innovative work zone, the center business and culture viewpoints. As per Wickham, P. (2006, pp 224) concurs that pioneering organizations are portrayed by administration, style, conduct and soul from their originator. This associations may have unstructured chain of importance, rules or procedure, then again this factor can be a quality in the learning procedure, advancement and improvement by being dynamic to carry new thoughts and ways to deal with association change. Moreover, innovative organizations are been set as a system of connections between workers, providers and others partners which are driven by the business person. These relationship associations assemble a formal and blended association. A few relations are arranged by contracts, open markets, formal, casual and long haul. In the system study, the organization is characterized by a nexus of connections and the level can be unpredictable. This connection gives to the associations a decent chance to break down how they are situated in the market. Assets The last term in the pioneering procedure is the assets. This possibility plans to raise capital and asset that is promoted in the organization, for example, financial specialists who support their capital, data, abilities, know-how, experience and information. This components that lead to development can be immaterial property, such as, counseling, brand, unwaveringness and client generosity can be lead to speculation. The primary goal of the business visionary is to raise capital and speculation to the organization and center the venture to expand, manufacture and build up the incentive convey to the client. As per Burns, P. (2007, pp.117) remarked that business people commonly recognize opportunity, building and driving the organization. Besides, business person draw in and mange assets. The business people must convey obligations to the representatives and the administrators may assume control over the capacity to oversee and bring assets. For instance, the creation office may assume control over the capacities to draw in assets and advancement to grow new items; the sa

The Progression of American Music in the 20th Century essays

The Progression of American Music in the twentieth Century expositions It is Americas music conceived out of a million American dealings: among having and not having; among cheerful and tragic, nation and city; among highly contrasting and people; between the Old Africa and the Old Europe which could just have occurred in an altogether new world. (Ward 2) Jazz was really the music of America. It is a blend of the melodic underlying foundations of the considerable number of individuals in America around then. It acquires European old style topics, utilizing agreeable tunes and particular scales, which permits it to be one of the main improvisational fine arts permitting the craftsman to truly make up music on the spot. Numerous authors, both European and American, brought parts of jazz into their show music. Debussy, Ravel, Stravinsky, Hindemith, and Milhaud at once or another imitated the rhythms of jazz, its run of the mill harmonies, or its improvisational habits of playing the trumpet, saxophone, or percussion. (Hanning 542) Through all that it combi nes the cadenced percussion and foundations of African music, joining numerous gospel subjects and muddled drum designs, even regularly getting Latin styles. Preceding jazz, jazz music, which utilized muddled harmony structures with confounding rhythms and beats, was well known. Jazz utilized these speculations and blended them in with amazing metal sounds found in Dixieland music, which grew from the south, frequently utilizing gospel songs and spirituals in an energetic style; Dixieland was well known since the Civil War. One of the performers who had the probably the greatest effect in jazz, if not the greatest, was a New Orleans trumpeter named Louis Armstrong. With his basic, playful tunes and the innovation of the Bebop Scale, Armstrong is without a doubt the organizer of genuine jazz. (Ward 43) Armstrong was popular for his bebop trumpet sound and surprisingly gravely voice, ideal for a scat solo, which is simply nonsense sung in various key... <!

A Note About SIPAs Diversity Initiative COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A Note About SIPAs Diversity Initiative COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog While researching  SIPA for your graduate studies, youve probably noticed that the school is one of the most internationally-diverse institutions at Columbia University. In fact, students in the  MIA/MPA 2013 class represent  51 different countries,  and speak 41 native languages. Overall, 52 percent of the class is  represented by  international students! Thus, we truly cherish our diversity and the many unique perspectives our students, faculty, staff and alumni bring to campus. Reminding us all about the importance of inclusion, Dean Merit E. Janow released a statement about SIPAs continued efforts to foster a community that is welcoming, respectful of individual and group differences, and representative of our society: A focus on diversity is important for all schools, but it is a particular priority for SIPA because the process of designing public policy should reflect consideration for diverse segments of societies, Dean Janow said in a recent email. Earlier this year Dean Janow formed a diversity task force to support SIPA’s efforts to build an even stronger culture of inclusiveness. This diversity task force holds regular meetings and student events, including an upcoming Diversity Symposium, on November 14, 2014. Read more about the Diversity Task Forces efforts and upcoming events here: https://sipa.columbia.edu/experience-sipa/about-sipa/diversity-task-force.

Isolation in “a Rose for Emily” and “the Yellow Wallpaper”

â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman are two well written short stories that entail both similarities and differences. Both short stories were written in the late 1800’s early 1900’s and depict the era when women were viewed less important than men. The protagonist in each story is a woman, who is confined in solitary due to the men in their lives. The narrator in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the mutual voice of the townspeople of Jefferson, while Emily Grierson is the main character in the story that undergoes a sequence of bad events. The unnamed, female narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is also the main character whose journal we read. This difference in tense gives each story a†¦show more content†¦Treichler’s â€Å"Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’† informs readers â€Å"The narrator is forbidden to engage in normal social conversation [†¦] and avoid expressing negative thoughts and expressions about her illness† (61). Although both women were isolated, Emily isolated herself while the unnamed narrator was forcefully isolated. In both short stories the main character is judged by the surrounding people: Emily as a conceited, ill woman, and the unnamed narrator as a â€Å"sick†, depressed woman. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the townspeople were extremely nosey and very judgmental about how people should live there life. Watkins argues â€Å"The contrast between Emily and the townspeople and between her home and her surroundings is carried out by the invasion of her home by the adherents of the new order in the town† (509). Also it is displayed sometime after Emily’s father died when she went to the druggist and ordered arsenic to kill rats (Faulkner 78-79). â€Å"†¦The next day we [the townspeople] all said, ‘She will kill herself’; and we [the townspeople] said it would be the best thing (Faulkner 79). In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the unnamed narrator is judged by her family and friends. In the introduction of the story the unnamed narrator reve als that her husband, also a physician, belittles her illness and her general thoughts of life (Gilman 408). â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and one’s ownShow MoreRelatedThe, The Yellow Wallpaper, And Mississippi Native William Faulkner s `` A Rose For Emily ``869 Words   |  4 PagesGilman’s (1860-1935) â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Mississippi native William Faulkner’s (1897-1962) â€Å"A Rose for Emily† both contain extreme delusional characters (â€Å"Charlotte Perkins Gilman†, â€Å"William Faulkner†). These characters lose touch with the real world and slowly begin to exhibit madness. Although both characters are unable to grasp reality, they both express distinct methods that show the severity and capability of their insanity. Gilman’s and Faulkner’s main characters, Emily and the other who isRead MoreWhat Is The Similarities Between The Yellow Wallpaper And A Rose For Emily1184 Words   |  5 Pages Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, The Yellow Wallpaper and William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily are two psychological short stories that followed the lives of two very misunderstood women. Each story had many similarities, which showed the inequalities that women had faced in the early 20th century. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, The Yellow Wallpaper and William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily  are two disparate works that explore, and show the ultimate struggles that a woman faced in the time period that theyRead MoreComparison between The Yellow Wallpaper and A Rose for Emily969 Words   |  4 Pagesmoments of solitude and self-reflection to balance out how much of ourselves we give away† (Angelis, BrainyQuote). This statement reflects the theme of isolation and how on e can truly understand themselves through self-reflection and time spent in loneliness. In the short stories, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, both female protagonists, experience a time of seclusion leading to self- realization. Hence, both of these pieces ofRead MoreA Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† both display how external dominance, isolation, and judgment from the outside world may cause one to lose their right mind. In both stories, the main characters begin to sink into further isolation from the outside world, leaving reality in the past. The point of view of each story is told from a firsthand account of the events that occur. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the story is told from an outsider’s point of view, someone who has watchedRead MoreMale Dominance in Both Books, The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner837 Words   |  4 PagesMale dominance is something that is showed in both stories â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Both the women in these stories feel they can’t be complete without a dominant male role in their life or that it was forced upon them. However, they both find a way out of this over powering rule through insanity, as some people see it. In the time the stories were based and written, women were not supposed to be sophisticated or intelligent, and were over taken by their emotions. The men believedRead MoreThe Sexist Surroundings that Etrap the Narrator in Various Literary Works Supresss the Respective Protagonists Identitties as Women1671 Words   |  7 PagesI. THESIS: The sexist surroundings that entrap the Narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Miss Emily Grierson in â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† and Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter ultimately suppress the respective protagonists’ identities as women, leading them to suffer in isolation. II. TOPIC SENTENCE I: The protagonists in the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† and The Scarlet Letter all live in a sexist environment that confines their lives. A. MAJOR I: The history of each respective settingRead MoreComparison and Contrast of the Yellow Wallpaper and the Rose for Emily1078 Words   |  5 PagesParis Claypool Eng 120 Essay 1 06/12/2010 A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper â€Å"A Rose for Emily’’ By William Faulkner and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman,† are two short stories that both incorporate qualities of similarities and difference. Both of the short stories are about how and why these women changed for lunacy. These women are forced into solitude because of the fact that they are women. 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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain and...

Literature allows the freedom of unrealistic worlds and stories to exist, so why would anyone want to read a picaresque novel? The answer is simple, but the reason is not. Human beings love to place themselves in what they read; we are selfish like that. Classic literature, such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, has proved that. Readers relate to Huckleberry Finn because he is not perfect, rather he is flawed and he is human. The same goes for Jack Crabb in his story of Little Big Man. Though these are tales of fiction, they depict Huckleberry and Jack as ordinary people finding themselves in wild experiences. They survive the situations thrown at them with their roguish characteristics in a way the common person can relate.†¦show more content†¦Jack Crabb is also familiar with con artistry, exposing a crook named Allardyce on sheer accident. This led to them cheating a jewelry store out of two thousand dollars, so Crabb could repay some of his heavy debt. While both Hu ckleberry and Jack Crabb have participated in dishonest practices, it does not take away the merit of their characters. Ultimately, both were doing it for not themselves, but for others. The journeys of both these roguish characters are filled with excitement and humor. The life of Jack Crabb is an unusual one. His story begins with his family being killed by Cheyenne Indians, and then he is raised by said Cheyenne. He earns the name Little Big Man while protecting his enemy, Younger Bear, until he is forced to reintegrate with white society. Soon after running away from his adopted home, Little Big Man drifts from place to place. In his wandering he was involved in historic moments of American history: surviving the Washita Massacre, befriending Wild Bill Hickok, watching his sister fight Calamity Jane, and being the sole white survivor of Custers Last Stand. While talking to Jim about the malicious duke and king, Huckleberry says that all kings is mostly rapscallions (Twain 138) and you have to take them all around, theyre a mighty ornery lot (Twain 139). Before that, Huckleberry comes across a man named Sherburn who kills the town fool in cold blood. Sherburn is faced with a lynching bee but he proclaims

Poverty Vis Vis Development Education Essay Free Essays

This tryst focuses on really intrinsic section in development surveies. Poverty is a immense issue which is literally being manifested around us, as we speak. The affair, is surely one which doesnt have any certainty in Numberss or world, but certainly plenty, we do n’t cognize what disposition it could take to, due to the complexness in itself, and the ways in which it is connected in the old ages that follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty Vis Vis Development Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Surely, Poverty and Development are by strong belief interrelated constructs, and this could be seen in that fact that states are separated in developing and developed states when poorness is being measured. Besides harmonizing to Alan Thomas, poorness is an â€Å" antique concern † , while development could be most ascertained and associated with the 2nd half of the twentieth century, largely called the â€Å" ‘era of development †[ 1 ]. This period can besides be conceptualized as a post-war period, which gave rise to many factors which contributed chiefly to an enhanced developing procedure around the universe, which in bend affected poorness in legion ways which are unconceivable. One must foremost understand the definition and interrelation to development. When specifying poorness, undertaking the job is chiefly imperative, since it is per se a job for the universe as a whole that must be solved. There is although a general understanding on this, and harmonizing to the World Development 1990 study ; it connects the purpose of development with poorness: ‘Reducing poorness is the cardinal aim of economic development ‘[ 2 ] Alan Thomas in his book lineations that we must understand it as a environing fluctuation, and non merely a simple ameliorating alteration in society, it chiefly follows societal and single degrees, and in a sense it is a originative alteration. There is besides the distinguishable position that development could besides be conceptualized as attempts for betterment by bureaus[ 3 ]; which are chiefly divisible into international organisations and national 1s which chiefly transfer resources to assist these states.[ 4 ]One celebrated organisation is the International Committee of the Red Cross which protects non-combatants and military ground forcess in armed struggles chiefly for human-centered assistance[ 5 ] Poverty is a planetary issue which affects us all somehow or another and therefore one must understand such issue whether or non it involvements him or non. An of import point is that poorness has ever been present in one manner or another in a state, such as in Malta, where in the past decennary we have seen a rise in economic growing, but ahead Malta had high comparative poorness rates, which ranged from 10 % to 15 % of the households, which could be translated to 11,500 households that were hapless[ 6 ]still comparative poorness, carries on as one of the effects of inequality, but Malta has been maintaining comparative poorness at bay[ 7 ]and some argue that this occurred due to spread outing development and unequal distribution of wealth in societies, which characterized the divide between developed and developing states ; The term developing state is used for political rightness to do them sound less inferior to other states. In my sentiment poorness is truly an dismay to us all, since these people are portion of us, portion of one corporate group, that of human sort. It is truly a shame to see that 28 per centum of all kids in developing states are evaluated to be stunted due to the fact that they do non hold sufficient resources to supply for basic demands, that we all take for granted, such as nutrition and instruction ; and as a affair of fact 2.2 million kids die every twelvemonth since immunisation is non chiefly delivered, and over 22,000 kids die every twenty-four hours[ 8 ]mutely with no acknowledgment or attending whatsoever due to this atrociousness ; that is about a decease of a kid every 4 seconds, these are a few illustrations of how poverty manifests in our corrupt globalized society.[ 9 ] Poverty: Definition, Implication and the universe around us In order to give a specific significance to the word poorness, certainly it depends on the model of idea we have in our caputs ; that means, the construct, this can be seen in the fact that many conceptualize poorness in wholly differing ways, and therefore many have typical definitions of the word poorness. This differential conceptualizing of words which is ever go oning in us worlds, leads to the fact that people will finally cipher poorness through methods which are besides different in conformity with that construct at head[ 10 ] Poverty has been said to be conceptualised from the absolute to the relation for whom I am traveling to explicate farther on in this paper. From this sentence one can understand that there is an array of definitions around the universe. The most basic definition that many people acknowledge is the Subsistence poorness definition, where it will by and large set accent on the capacity to last[ 11 ]in the basic sense of it, we understand it as holding the basic necessities and demands that are needed to prolong human life and evidently growing ; these demands are most of the clip natural. This definition harmonizing to the book concerned, says that it will set confidence, on the measuring of poorness that it will give the smallest possible figure. One can besides state that the basic demands definition is a differential theoretical account of the subsistence one. Poverty is besides calculated through the day-to-day thermal consumption, which some argue that it is a bad manner to cipher poorness, because usually except in utmost fortunes, hapless people seldom die of famishment.[ 12 ] A individual needs nutrient non merely to assist him to populate life, but besides to continue a certain norm for himself with respects to nutrition. Particularly due to the fact that many malnutrition jobs accordingly lead to a meagre good health, and besides impacting work-capacity degrees. There were besides attempts in the past, such as the work of Seebohm Rowntree, that have managed to supply a list of all the necessary things a human being demands to prolong himself, subsistence so to talk.[ 13 ]In his book ‘Poverty – A survey of Town Life ‘ which was subsequently known as the sociological study[ 14 ]which was circulated in 1901, it shocked society wholly, by reasoning and explicating about the world of the horrifying characteristics of poorness that many people that at those times were sing. He was the first individual to make the phrase ‘poverty line ‘ , with his decision in his geographic expedition being that half of the working population wer e alive in poorness in some manner or another, although his theory fought many troubles. One of import find he made in those times, was that the shocking consequences reflected that many breadwinners were working, that was alright, but the chilling fact about this is that with the pay the normal breadwinner was entitled, could n’t be plenty to care for the demands of the whole household. One really of import component of the whole study is that: â€Å" The belief that a adult male could supply for his household if he was thrifty and hard-working was shown to be false. †[ 15 ] Harmonizing to the article by ‘The Press ‘ , he had shown that hardworking in the Victorian ages, would n’t do for the whole household since other sociological effects were impacting poorness in manner or another. Examples highlighted by Seebohm were that a household enjoyed one room on the whole, lesser nutrient quality and besides the fact they had many kids ; these factors affected poorness in those ages. Seebohm contributed a batch to society as a whole since the public assistance province was created later in the undermentioned centuries, many argue due to his work. Harmonizing to Paul Scaffer[ 16 ]in his papers, he outlines a wide construct of poorness, that it has been through a batch of alterations, he argues that there has been a wide displacement from the physiological theoretical account of want, which was chiefly focused on the natural demands of worlds, to pattern more focussed on societal facet of want, which is focused on nucleus societal facets such as assurance, liberty on oneself, and self-esteem. Scaffer besides concludes that there is a certain nexus or connexion between the construct of exposure and its relationship to poorness, and that inequality places an of import function in set uping poorness deductions, particularly when mensurating poorness, since inequality can impact measurings rather drastically. In his paper he outlines assorted attacks to poverty such as the income attack, human poorness attack and the societal exclusion attack. Income Approach Scaffer argues that a individual is hapless if he is systematically deficient to hold entree to economic resources ; this attack is used a batch in economic sciences which conjugates two necessities – good being which represented in footings of tantamount income, and secondly income poorness line, which represents a demand adequateness degree[ 17 ]The hapless people are those who plummet below a certain standards with respects to this attack. Largely the income attack focuses on non-fulfillment of basic demands which basically of import for the well-being of a normal life individual. On the other manus, it is besides discussed that this income attack is sometimes non good in ciphering poorness, in that some have argued that there are other methods which would turn out better such the Capability-based income steps, in which the concentration is being focused on making an income step of capableness poorness ; capableness bases should be the chief index for income. Kakwani argues that people are merely hapless, if they are being deprived capableness wise, when they do n’t hold sufficient income to prolong their simple proficiencies. He argues that societies should be able to care for people particularly by guaranting freedom from any diseases.[ 18 ] Human Poverty Approach Normally poorness manifests itself in the lack of the life styles of the people, and this is why the human poorness attack, approaches poorness from the point of position of defense of chances that can take them to populate a good life. Therefore one can reason that poorness does non merely include deficiency in itself. Poverty is besides calculated through want of communicating, and even values such as self-respect. In this respect I can besides see that the human poorness attack has a socio-psychological characteristic in it. Poverty therefore afflicts the life of people around the universe.[ 19 ]The UNDP has besides discussed this attack in its development studies, which has been designed on the model of Amartya Sen[ 20 ]The focal point of Sen ‘s research, conceptualizes poorness as the absence of some things that a human existences is n’t able to work without them. This attack is distinctively close to Sen ‘s thought, that it should hold incorporated in it our capablenesss, non merely what we are able to, but besides what we are n’t able to make. Such capablenesss are subjective and depend upon each and every person interpersonally and it must besides incorporate our operations.[ 21 ]In his newest book ‘The Idea of Justice ‘ he counters the thought of an income attack to poverty since he argues it is non exact, the above first attack therefore is faulty harmonizing to Sen: â€Å" Poverty will be much more intense than what can be deduced from the income day of the month †[ 22 ] Social Exclusion Approach The International Institute for Labour Studies has advocated the usage of another typical attack when ciphering scarceness ; this is the societal exclusion attack. This attack is really near to the comparative want construct of poorness which was foremost attributed by Peter Townsend which he defines poorness as â€Å" the absence or insufficiency of those diets, comfortss, criterions, services and activities which are common or customary in society †[ 23 ] With this attack, as the names implies, the focal point is on the deficiency of stuffs or resources, that are usually required to prolong life in certain mode usually socially acceptable, such as a normal life criterion, and the ability to execute activities which one favours. Citizenship is therefore really of import in this respect of attack, since it is a resource demand, such as societal integrating and societal credence ; these are all factors which the societal exclusion attack focuses upon.[ 24 ] Before 1997, the word poorness within the context of societal exclusion, was ever used a term to depict a state of affairs where people did n’t hold all of the resources they wanted, particularly chances. The authorities therefore came up with the term societal exclusion which eliminated the fact that poorness can merely be concentrated from a low income point of position ; poverty therefore can be defined as the narrow impression of it including the societal exclusion term appointed by the authorities of the UK. Alienation was to be included in the computation of poorness, since it is a type of exclusion.[ 25 ] Poverty Line and from Absolute to Relative poorness The poorness line as illustrated above is merely a normal mean criterion, so to talk, of how poorness is measured, and it differs from one state to another. The job is that due to different political orientations and political schemes, poorness lines are defined otherwise in each and every state. The inquiry that poses in this respect is, whether the poorness line has helped at all in contending poorness. With the thing is certain, that people with different houses, or different demographics, doubtless have their economic public assistances rather altered, theoretically talking the poorness line must exemplify the prototype for each and every society, or public assistance system. Normally this is regarded as the sum of money ; an single demands to non be labelled as underprivileged.[ 26 ] Economists usually look at the poorness line as a construct which has to make a batch with public-service corporation, and this is reflected through the fact that many welfare-economic philosophies are based the public-service corporation consistent as a poorness index. Basically what it entails is that when measuring public assistance system, the lone appraisal step that should be considered is public-service corporation, and the purpose of appraisal is to look into whether there is n’t any lessening in public-service corporation ; therefore the focal point is on the public-service corporation intent[ 27 ]In the instance of India, the term used is ‘Below Poverty line ‘ which is a poorness threshold utilised by the authorities to demo how many people are in demand of any aid, the standards used for the measuring have been concluded from a 2002 analysis. For illustration harmonizing to the International Benchmark, if a individual has less than a lb of net incomes a twenty-four hours with respects to PPP ; that individual is in a province of utmost poorness, and usually these indexs of poorness are used trough parametric quantities such as points.[ 28 ] For illustration, a instance that happened in Malta, was when Mgr. Grech, insisted that there should be a rearrangement of the poorness line here in Malta, and argued that those who at hazard of poorness will do and crumple to existent poorness because of the public-service corporation duties that were being imposed on the people. The address given by him was done during a Forum in the juncture of European twelvemonth against poorness and societal exclusion. From this one can see that with respects to Poverty, Malta has besides its ain jobs that are doing adversity[ 29 ] Decision From this paper one can therefore larn that poorness has a batch to offer than merely the normal construct of poorness, that one normally has in head – that of people deprived, but through analysis I have concluded that poorness has an drawn-out definition, it extends to the kingdom of social norms and besides authoritiess, which play a really of import function in relieving or even go oning to do adversity in societies. In practise, even though we are an mean state, I can reason that Malta has ever been a victim of poorness in the last decennary. The constructs and measurings examined and outlined in this paper have been used in a concise mode, and the subject itself has much more material to offer. The construct itself has undergone through many alterations which are still undergoing, and continues to broaden ; with the focal point being on the societal theoretical account of want. Continuous schemes are being implemented for there to be a decrease in poorness. Still, although there have been legion sum of work for there to be a lessening, inequality and bad policies endure all the attempts, and counter positive consequences. How to cite Poverty Vis Vis Development Education Essay, Essay examples

Revenue and Independent Sales Agents free essay sample

Company manufactures a high-quality plastic pipe that goes through three processing stages prior to completion. Information on work in the first department, Cooking, is given below for May: Production data:| Â  | Pounds in process, May 1: materials 100%| Â  | complete; conversion 90% complete| 70,000| Pounds started into production during May| 350,000| Pounds completed and transferred to the next department| ? | Pounds in process, May 31: materials 75% complete;| Â  |conversion 25% complete| 40,000| Cost data:| Â  | Work in process inventory, May 1:| Â  | Materials cost| $86,000| Conversion cost| $36,000| Cost added during May:| Â  | Materials cost| $447,000| Conversion cost| $198,000| The company uses the weighted-average method. Required: 1. Compute the equivalent units of production. 2. Compute the costs per equivalent unit for the month. 3. Determine the cost of ending work in process inventory and of the units transferred out to the next department. 4. Prepare a cost reconciliation report for the month. Comprehensive Problem—Weighted-Average Method Honeybutter. Inc.. manufactures a product that goes through two departments prior to completion—the Mixing Department followed by the Packaging Department. We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue and Independent Sales Agents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The follow ing information js available about work in the first department, the Mixing Department, during June. Required: Assume that the company uses the weighted-average method. 1. Determine the equivalent units for June for the Mixing Department. 2. Compute the costs per equivalent unit for June for the Mixing Department. Determine the total cost of ending work in process inventory and the total cost of units transferred to the Packaging Department. 4. Prepare a cost reconciliation report for the mixing department for June. CASE STUDY Cost Structure;Break-Even Point;Target Profits Marston Corporation manufactures disposable thermometers that are sold to hospitals through a network of independent sales agents located in the United States and Canada. These sales agents sell a variety of products to hospitals in addition to Marston’s disposable thermometer. The sales agents arc currently paid an l8% commission on sales. and this commission rate was used when Marstons management prepared the following budgeted absorption income statement for the upcoming year Marston Corporation| Budgeted Income Statement| Sales| Â  | $30,000. 000| Cost of goods sold:| Â  | Â  | Variable| $17,400. 000| Â  | Fixed| 2,800. 00| 20,200,000| Gross margin| Â  | 9,800,000| Selling and administrative expenses:| Â  | Â  | Commissions| 5,400,000| Â  | Fixed advertising expense| 800,000| Â  | Fixed administrative expense| 3,200,000| 9,400,000| Net operating income| Â  | $ 400.000| Since the completion of the above statement. Marston’s management has learned that the independent sales agents are demanding an increase in the commission rate to 20%of sales for the upcoming year. This would be the third increase in commissions demanded by the independent sales agents in five years. As a result, Marston’s management has decided to investigate the possibility of hiring its own sales staff to replace the independent sales agents. Marston’s controller estimates that the company will have to hire eight sales people to cover the current market area. And the total annual payroll cost of these employees will be about $700,000, including fringe benefits. The salespeople will also be paid commissions of 10% of sales. Travel and entertainment expenses are expected to total about $400. 000 for the year. The company will also have to hire a sales manager and support staff whose salaries and fringe benefits will come to $400,000per year. To make up for the promotions that the independent sales agents had been running on behalf of Marston. management believes that the company’s budget for fixed advertising expenses should be increased by $500,000. Assuming sales of $30,000. 000, construct a budgeted contribution format income statement for the upcoming year for each of the following alternatives: a. The independent sales agents’ commission rate remains unchanged at 18%. b. The independent sales agents’ commission rate increases to 20% c. The company employs its own sales force. 2. Calculate Marston Corporation’s break-even point in sales dollars for the upcoming year assuming the following: a. The independent sales agents’ commission rate remains unchanged at 18%. b. The independent sales agents’ commission rate increases to 20%. c. The company employs its own sales force. 3. Refer to your answer to (1) (b) above If the company its own sales force what hat volume of sales all, would be necessary to generate the net operating income in come the company would realize if sales are $30,000,000 and the company continues to sell through agents (at a 20% commission rate)? 4. Determine the volume of sales at which net operating income would beequal regardless of whether Marston Corporation sells through agents (at a 20% commission rate) or employs its own sales force. Prepare a graph on which you plot the profits for both of the following alternatives. a. The independent sales agents commission rate increases to 20%. b. The company employs is own sales force. On the graph. use total sales revenue as the measure of activity. 6. Write a memo to the president of Marston Corporation in which you make a recommendation as to whether the company should continue to use independent sales agents (at a 20% cornmission rate: or employ its own sales force. Fully explain the reasons for your recommendation in the memo.

My Gleaners Experience Essays

My Gleaners Experience Essays My Gleaners Experience Essay My Gleaners Experience Essay I am a member of the Eastern Star, my branch is the Pride of the East 524. We sponsor a group of young ladies from the age of eight to eighteen. These young In our care are been taught how to become responsible grown women. Our motto Is good behavior is always in style. I am one of the supervisor that teaches the girls the responsibility of giving back to their community. In the spring we work at the food bank, we pack, sort and help citizens take their things to their cars. We teach the young ladles to have compassion for their neighbors. The holidays we take gifts, play bingo and sing Christmas carols to seniors citizens In nursing homes. I set up meeting and contact each Gleaner of the next meeting and sometimes responsible for getting them to these meeting. I am responsible for setting up castles for our young ladles, so we have district day In our region where I set up competition for our girls to compete In dance, singing, poetry, oratorical and track and field against other girls In the district. I must find a venue for the competition to happen. If our girls wins, they get to compete in regional. In regional we compete with girls from across the eastern region of North Carolina. In July, we attend the Annual Assemblage where Gleaners and Knights assemble to pick their king and queen for the year. They also pick who would lead them in the following year. My role as supervisor is to help these young ladies in every possible way that I can to excel in school and at home. We expect so much of our youth that we must put our time in to get so much more from them.

Quotes to Use in a Toast at Your Sisters Wedding

Quotes to Use in a Toast at Your Sisters Wedding Your sisters getting married and youve been asked to make a toast. Fortunately, many wonderful authors have written about their sisters, providing you with some wonderful starting points for your toast. Whatever your relationship with your sister and your personal style, at least one of these will feel right to you. Heartfelt and Loving Quotes Start your toast with one of these quotes, and then add your own personal touch. Explain how the quote relates to your own relationship with your sister. Tell a little story about the bond you share. Then wish the happy couple joy! A sister is a gift to the heart, a friend to the spirit, a golden thread to the meaning of life. Isadora JamesYou may be as different as the sun and the moon, but the same blood flows through both your hearts. You need her, as she needs you. George R. R. MartinTo have a loving relationship with a sister is not simply to have a buddy or a confident - it is to have a soulmate for life.  Victoria SecundaBless you, my darling, and remember you are always in the heart- oh tucked so close there is no chance of escape- of your sister.  Katherine Mansfield Funny and Snarky Quotes If you and your sister tend to be silly rather than sincere, these quotes may be a perfect start for your toast. Use the quote, then tell a little story from your own lives that reflect the sentiment. Even if your story is a little snarky, though, be sure to finish up with a warm wish for happiness that comes from the heart! Having a sister is like having a best friend you can’t get rid of. You know whatever you do, they’ll still be there.  Amy LiMore than Santa Claus, your sister knows when you’ve been bad and good.   Linda SunshineBig sisters are the crabgrass in the lawn of life. Charles M. SchulzYou can kid the world, but not your sister.  Charlotte GrayHow the hell do you sum up your sister in three minutes? She’s your twin and your polar opposite. She’s your constant companion and your competition. She’s your best friend and the biggest bitch in the world. She’s everything you wish you could be and everything you wish you weren’t.  Ã‚  M. Molly BackesThere’s nobody in the world that knows me better than my sister.  Tia Mowry  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦she’ll go and fall in love, and there’s an end of peace and fun, and cozy times together.†Ã‚  Louisa May AlcottA sister smiles when one tells ones stories, for she knows where the decoration has been added. Chris Montaigne Sincere Quotes While some siblings feel comfortable being cute or funny at a wedding, most prefer to be sincere. These quotes give you a jumping off place for a wonderful toast that celebrates the meaning of sisterhood.   A sister is a little bit of childhood that can never be lost. Marian GarrettyThe best thing about having a sister was that I always had a friend. Cali Rae TurnerDon’t believe an accident of birth makes people sisters or brothers. It makes them siblings, gives them mutuality of parentage. Sisterhood and brotherhood is a condition people have to work at. Maya AngelouA sister can be seen as someone who is both ourselves and very much not ourselves; a special kind of double. Toni MorrisonHelp one another, is part of the religion of sisterhood. Louisa May AlcottShe is your mirror, shining back at you with a world of possibilities. She is your witness, who sees you at your worst and best, and loves you anyway. She is your partner in crime, your midnight companion, someone who knows when you are smiling, even in the dark. She is your teacher, your defense attorney, your personal press agent, even your shrink. Some days, she’s the reason you wish you were an only child.  Barb ara Alpert

SDLC Application on IT infrastructure of UMUC Student Healthcare Case Study

SDLC Application on IT infrastructure of UMUC Student Healthcare - Case Study Example ervice Clinic by providing a detailed information of the Development Life Cycle including the use of Servers, backups Emailing, Internet Accessibility and Software’s used in Clinical Computer System. An information system can be defined as the use of computer hardware and software to process data into information to solve a problem. The term Clinical Information System (CIS) refers to a group of systems used within a Clinic that support and enhance health care. The CIS comprises two major types of information systems: Clinical Information Systems and Administrative Information Systems. Clinical information systems are large, computerized database management systems that support several types of activities: medical, nursing, laboratory, diagnostic, pharmacy, radiology. Administrative information systems support the process of client care by managing non-clinical, client-related information, including demographics, codes for procedures and insurance. Clinical and administrative information systems may be designed to meet the needs of one or more departments or functions within the organization. They can be implemented as stand-alone systems, or they may work with other systems to provide information sharing and seamless functionality for the users. A SDLC is the traditional method used by organizations for large IT projects. The SDLC entails of sequential processes by which information systems are developed: analysis, design, programming, testing, implementation, and maintenance. A Clinical Information System is a complex system, and Clinic Attendants have a key role to play in practically all phases of its development. The beginning of the (life) cycle is a clear vision of the business process. What do we want to do with the new system? How are we going to do it? What do we need for the system to operate efficiently? So, we must determine the purpose and goals of the project, assure the necessary financial resources, carry out cost-benefit and feasibility

History of Protests in Government Contracting Research Paper

History of Protests in Government Contracting - Research Paper Example It is also applied as a method of acquiring services as well as supplies from non-federal sources. There are essentially six different phases which for implementing the government contracting processes such as procurement planning, solicitation planning, solicitation, source selection, contract administration and contract closure (Rendon 9-14). It is worth mentioning in this regard that the ultimate mission of government contracting is to develop an environment for small as well as disadvantaged businesses to participate in contract awards of the federal government as well as in major subcontract awards. Furthermore, government contacting assists small businesses in the procurement processes to obtain greater competencies in the federal world (SBA. GOV, â€Å"Office of Government Contracting†). Government contracting is also considered to be an important method of assessing opportunities for businesses. It is in this context that government contracting is often utilized for ac quiring important information with the objective of less riskier performance of businesses along with competitiveness in the global market (American Express Company, â€Å"An Introduction to Government Contracting†). ... the discussion will also emphasize on the evaluation of contract protests which include the Administrative Procedure Act, 1946 and the Completion in Contracting Act (CICA), 1984. 1.0. Discuss the three ways an offeror can protest (Agency, GAO, COFC) An offeror who is not satisfied with the government contracting method can adapt three ways or procedures for protesting against the method. One of the options to protest against the government contracting method is by filing a bid protest. The bid protest can be lodged with the agency, where an agency-level bid protest is required to be resolved by a Contracting Officer (CO). The bid protest can also be filed with the Government Accountability Officer (GAO), or with the US Court of Federal Claims (COFC). However, according to the enacted rules and policies, an offeror filing a protest at the agency level is required to lodge a bid protest before the GAO or COFC. Moreover, if the offeror is required to file a protest bid with the GAO, he/ she needs to file another bid protest to the COFC as well (Schaengold, Guiffre, and Gill, â€Å"Choice of Forum for Federal Government Contract Bid Protests†). Agency Level An offeror who is disappointed with government contracting can file a bid protest with the agency. In this procedure, protests which are made at the agency level are sorted out by the CO or by any higher authority at the primary level. Many a times, protests at the agency level can also be decided by high ranking officials of an agency or by any other official who is not involved with the procurement process (Schaengold, Guiffre, and Gill, â€Å"Choice of Forum for Federal Government Contract Bid Protests†). It is worth mentioning in this context that protests which are filed with the agency are required to be precise and

Effective Leadership And Successful Leaders

Effective Leadership And Successful Leaders A view of leadership as it pertains to equality in education for all students regardless of gender, race, or socioeconomic status will be reviewed during this 2010 Go Global experience in South Africa. In preparation for this trip, different articles and books were reviewed for insight on management and leadership. Included in these readings were suggestions on how best to lead, as well as direction for handling toxic relationships. Toxic relationships can be defined as those relationships that are shadowed with negativity and tend to be reactive and judgment based in nature. Creating a sense of team building and acceptance were found to be key roles for those in leadership positions. Leaders should have a sense of direction, not misuse their power, and should be able to inspire others. A leader should also be humble in attitude and encourage all team members to brain storm and contribute to the task. Whether leading personally or professionally, in a business or in a school, a leader should recognize the dynamics of the group under their direction and be able to modify accordingly. While great leaders should be flexible, they must retain their convictions and focus toward attaining the goal or vision. It has been through a conviction that great leaders have inspired others to desire and create change. These leaders have intelligently led by example, never condemning anothers beliefs, but instead inspiring in others the desire to change. It is through charisma and intuitiveness that leaders are able to begin movements that create change. Movements for change are not limited to only political greats, they are also found in our own school systems. Assuming the role of the leader in a school must be carefully considered. It should be a role that one assumes with the understanding that they will both directly and indirectly affect, either positively or negatively, many that will follow their lead. Staff and students alike will be affected by the type of leadership roles they have in their school systems, so it must be remembered that school leadership is not limited to the parameters of the school, it affects generations that in turn will affect futures. Life is an echo what you send out comes back. Chinese Proverb There have been many great leaders throughout history, including Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and even Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Each person was seeking to right a perceived injustice during a particular time in our history. Through history we have seen leaders who would initiate ideas that others would continue, some who would make contributions small, yet impactful, and others who would change the course of history. No matter the result, one thing was consistent, all great leaders throughout time possessed similar leadership qualities. Reading Response to Vaclav Havel, former president of the Czech Republicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Bohemian Rhapsody www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110010218 Living Responsibly: Vaclav Havels View www.acton.org/publciations/randl/rl_article_284.ph?/view=print Vaclav Havel, former president of Czechoslovakia, has been compared to Nelson Mandela, being considered a saint in the West. Havel, a playwright who put his career on hold to lead a group against communist totalitarianism, a man who would be imprisoned, and a leader who would later become president, is a man of conviction. Speaking and responding to the global force for freedom and the long struggle between conscience and tyranny, Havel is the author of the essay on the Power of the Powerless which deals with the indifference seen in our Western cultures. It would be suicide for the world -the indifference to the freedom of others ultimately becoming indifference to freedom for ourselves. Vaclav Havel The idea that if we assume apathy for circumstances that do not directly affect us, we will ultimately become indifferent to our own freedoms has much significance. It sends a message that we must work as a community in order to continue to move forward. Leaders play a crucial role in focusing their team. Their qualities must include the ability to persuade a group to work together for a common goal, and dissuade, without insult, those ideas that serve only a selected group. As future leaders, we must recognize that our beliefs should not be subjective, nor are they limited. Our goals should always serve the good of all. The salvation of this human world lies nowhere else than in the human heart. Mr. Havel to the United States Congress Our ability to recognize ourselves as part of a greater good is central to becoming a great leader. Our leadership should have focus, yet be humble. Our ability to see others through ourselves, and lead others as we would like to be lead, creates such a salvation. Leadership must maintain a global view, with the leader part of the view and not the puppeteer of the view. I have read and reviewed leaders that possessed many of the characteristics of great leadership (Adolf Hitler and Charles Manson), but whose leadership qualities were outweighed by their self-centered separation of themselves from the human world. I see that leading with your heart can be subjective, but I do not believe that is what Havel meant. I feel as if he stated that compassion, respect and understanding for all members within a particular dynamic, business, academic or otherwise, will create a stronger vision. A vision shared by many is not limited, but grows exponentially. Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means. Albert Einstein Reading Response to Charles Manson as a charismatic transformational leader Leadership Style No Easy  Choice http://www.smartentrepreneur.net/charismatic-leadership.html Leadership needs enthusiastic involvement, by leaders who are not jaded by personal agendas. Charles Manson, one such charismatic leader, chose to use his gift of leadership for less than honorable reasons. Manson would be defined as a transformational leader using passion and energy to transform an organization. He sensed what his followers perceived they needed and then created a vision to fill that gap. Charismatic leaders create visions that seem to improve ones present circumstance by finding the missing link between what one is getting and what one desires. This type of leader is persistent and even willing to make personal sacrifices to attain the vision which has been set. Unfortunately, a negative charismatic leader manipulates their audience for their own good even seeking out audiences that are emotionally wounded. Ones ability to discern between the honorable and dishonorable leader is just as important as ones ability to lead and be part of a productive team. Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen Sir Winston Churchill Reading response to Viktor E. Frankl, psychiatrist and Nazi death camp survivorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mans Search for Meaning, Beacon Press, 2006 Forces beyond your control can take away everything you possess except one thing, your freedom to choose how you will respond to the situation. You cannot control what happens to you in life, but you can always control what you will feel and do about what happens to you. Viktor E. Frankl This book was chosen not necessarily because of Frankls leadership, but because of his responses to the effects of negative leadership during the persecution of Jews at Auschwitz. Frankl shares an honest view of the persecutions that occurred, while sending a message of ones ability to control their responses. He talks about not being one of the most muscled up men and that he was looked upon as one who would not make it (survive) long. Frankl had a choice, find himself condemned before his fight began, or choose to be positive and believe that this persecution would soon end. Leaders must understand, as Frankl had to understand, we have no control of others. It can not be forced upon another my vision for change and growth, it can only be exampled. Leadership is not a series of demands, but commands. It is a cooperative effort in which all parties feel valued and respected. While Adolf Hitler possessed many qualities of the great leadership, he did not possess value and respect for all of mankind. This self-serving type of leadership serves a limited time; it can not be maintained or carried on because there is no collaboration and no shared vision. As a leader, one will really have little to no control of anything except ones own responses. We have the ability to choose our response and through modeling teach this strategy to those among us. If I choose humbleness, invite feedback, and remain positive, my leadership will influence others to do the same. This communication strategy invites all members to take part, or have ownership, in the goals at hand. With members feeling valued and sharing ownership, leaders are able to maximize the strengths of a team. It will be the choice of all members, including the leader, to do this even when there is friction within the group. It is easy to respond negatively to internal and/or external negativity, but that response leaves unmet goals and does not promote growth. Reading response to Nelson Mandela, seeker of a multi-racial democratic society and ex-president of South Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, 1994 Invictus, (2009) http://www.mandelainstitute.org.za/ If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela, 1993 Nobel Peace Prize winner, exemplifies a man of true conviction. He articulated a vision and led by example. At a time when Mandela could have been full of anger and revenge, he chose a much different voice, a voice of dedication to an end of racism. In his speech to the court that convicted him, Mandela said Whatever sentence Your Worship sees fit to impose upon me for the crime for which I have been convicted before this court, may it rest assured that when my sentence has been completed I will still be moved, as men are always moved, by their consciences; I will still be moved by my dislike of the race discrimination against my people when I come out from serving my sentence, to take up again, as best I can, the struggle for the removal of those injustices until they are finally abolished once and for all. Mandela, a man of honor, sought for the end of racial discrimination in South Africa, and even through imprisonment maintained his desire to attain this goal . He did not seek race domination; he desired a multi-racial democratic country. Mandela understood the importance of communication and role-modeling in order to attain the desired outcome of his vision and committed himself to a non-violent resistance against the apartheid*, following the role model of Mahatma Gandhi. Apartheid a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites; the former official policy in South Africa wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn Although Mandela voiced non-violent resistance, he soon saw a need to change the approach. He commented to this change from non-violent resistance at the Rivonia trial when he stated that after long and anxious assessment of the South African situation, I and some colleagues came to the conclusion that as violence in this country was inevitable, it would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force. It was only when all else had failed, when all channels of peaceful protest had been barred to us, that the decision was made to embark on violent forms of political struggle, and to form Umkhonto we Sizwethe Government had left us no other choice. The task of leadership is not to put greatness into humanity, but to elicit it, for the greatness is already there. John Buchan Leaders must be able to maintain a vision when circumstances and the world around them seem to stand in the way. Mandela exhibited this quality unlike no other, no matter how provoked he never answered racism with racism and he stood solid in his dedication to democracy. He recognized the greatness in humanity and strived to help others find it as well. Mandela understood the need to make peace with the enemy. He knew that it was not the person who was the enemy, but the actions of the person that becomes the enemy. In other words, he recognized that the answer for change was in the people themselves. Being a leader is not about what you make others do. Its about who you are, what you know, and what you do. You are a reflection of the people who follow you. An effective leader is not a one-man show or do-it-all-yourself hero. Effective leadership is about recognizing and taking advantage of the skills and talents from different people to form a cohesive unit. All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership. John Kenneth Galbraith Mandela recognized that in order to create change that he too must confrontà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [his] anxiety. He knew that he would have to forge a partnership with all of South Africa (black and white alike); he would have to stand for a united country and put in the past his memories of racial discrimination. Mandela would have to learn from his past, modeling himself as a man of acceptance of all men, both black and white. Like many other black South Africans, Mandelas disapproval of government discrimination was shown in many ways. One such non-violent means to show disapproval was to cheer for any team opposing the white Springbok Rugby team. In the movie, Invictus, Mandela, then president, is questioned by the media about his new found support of the Springbok Rugby team. Without waiver, Mandela replies how can I expect others to change if I, myself, am unwilling to do the same. Realizing the need to mediate difference respectfully and setting an example to others of own willingness to change is crucial to dynamic leadership. If we create an environment that invites open and positive communication along with respect, the overall health of an organization or in this particular circumstance for Mandela, a country, will be positively impacted. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Nelson Mandela Mandela was driven not only by his belief in equality for all people politically; he was also an advocate for other non-political issues affecting his country as well. Mandela would address, problem-solve, and advocate for the AIDS epidemic, poverty, and education. Mandela was also instrumental in having South Africa house the 2010 Soccer World Cup. http://www.mandelainstitute.org.za/about/mandate_and_vision/ University of the Western Cape meeting with staff and students (oral interviews) Mandela, an educated man himself, saw education as a tool in the fight against the apartheid. When South Africa won its fight and Mandela became President, he remained focused on the benefits of quality education for all children in South Africa. He would continue to strive for quality education even after his presidency. In 2007, the Nelson Mandela Institute (a partnership between the Nelson Mandela Foundation, the Department of Education, and the University of Fort Hair) would be founded to continue his work in education. There can be no contentment for any of us when there are children, millions of children, who do not receive an education that provides them with dignity and honor and allows them to live their lives to the full. Nelson Mandela, 2006 A man among men, Mandela believes that in order to create a sustainable future South Africa must invest in the education of the countrys youth. The statistics for children of poverty who matriculate is devastatingly low. The education system had not been meeting the needs of the majority of children in the nation (the poor black child). Matriculation (graduation) of the rural working-class has been as low as 1% with a child needing to score well on this exit exam in order to enroll in a university. Of those who do manage to matriculate, they still struggle to read and write at a level of success for the university because of inadequate academic preparation. To change these statistics and recreate an educational system that can provide education success for all children, resources in addition to a focused and strong leadership are a must. Mandela advocates change in education, and brings others together to share the same vision. The Nelson Mandela Institute mandates to work globally t o achieve Mr. Mandelas visions for education and rural development and is inspired by a common future shaped by the minds and creativity of all children. It is not beyond our power to create a world in which all children have access to quality education.   Those who do not believe this have small imaginations. Nelson Mandela, 07 http://www.ncrel.org/policy/pubs/html/leadersh/goodschl.htm http://www.newhorizons.org/trans/gardner.htm Whether the leader of a country like Nelson Mandela or the leader of a school system, one must be able to communicate the vision of the organization. School systems, like countries, need dynamic leadership by individuals that realize the potential of the young people following their guide. School leaders have a responsibility to their public; they should both influence and inspire the students and the staff. They should act less like a boss making commands and more like an artist creating unbounded imaginations. They must be able to develop a clear sense of purpose as it is important for people to see where they are going. In addition to direction, effective school leaders should elicit from their staff and students both trust and respect. It is important to remember that both trust and respect are earned by the leader through their actions and are not a guarantee. The task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been. Henry Kissinger http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/plessy/plessy.html http://brownvboard.org/summary/ American schools, not unlike the South African schools, have seen many struggles. It has been because of dynamic people (principals, teachers, and students) that our systems have evolved to where they are. Like South Africa, racial discrimination is not a stranger to the American school systems. It was the voice and dedication of a few that allowed our school systems to change and grow. A little over sixty years ago the states overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Plessy v. Ferguson was an 1896 Supreme Court ruling most remembered as the separate but equal ruling. It was a decision that served as justification for racial discrimination until Oliver Brown and others brought complaint against the school systems. In Topeka, Kansas Linda Brown, an African-American student, lived right across from a school, but because of the color of her skin could not attend this white school. Under the counsel of Thurgood Marshall this discriminatory practices were being challenged. The ruling in Brown v. Board of Education not only affected the educational system, it ended legal racial discrimination. Discriminatory practices can damage the good of the whole, but strong leadership can build bridges and fill gaps. Good schools, like good societies and good families, celebrate and cherish diversity. Deborah Meier School leaders create exponential change simply by caring for people and giving them a chance to succeed. When inspiring the minds of children in a school setting it can be thought that success is never final. Our behavior and our beliefs are carried on through the minds and actions of many. That is a great responsibility knowing that as an academic leader we can affect so greatly, so many. This undertaking has to be done with openness of ones mind and willingness to celebrate others successes and not our own. Imagine yourself as the principal of one of those white schools when the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education. Imagine the strength and character needed to moderate such a change. During world change, it takes great character to evaluate how your personal ideals fit into the role that you must serve. Leading is not limited to times of progression when everyone is inviting openly whatever circumstances may be needed for the change. The test of a great leader comes during times like that 1954 ruling when faced with legal obligation and social conflict. An academic leader must be able to separate oneself from who they are right now and look into the future to where they have dedicated themselves to lead others. A leader must be willing to deal with conflict head on, not with aggression, but with insight and intuitiveness. All leaders, especially academic leaders, must always err on the side of action. They must not just clean up a mistake, they must problem solve and elimi nate it. It is especially important that a school leader view problems as an opportunity for growth. Not all visions will be met without conflict, and if we perceive as an opportunity to grow, then we maximize the effects of our leadership. The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William Arthur School leadership is not limited to only those in administration, teachers play a huge role in influencing and changing lives. A teachers full charge is to enable students to become independent citizens of society. It is more than math or english, it is one of the most influential roles in our communities. Teachers not only provide academic knowledge, in combination with administration and the community, they provide clean, safe and healthy environments for the students to learn. All school leaders, administration and teachers, must possess and be proficient in instructional leadership, management, community building, and communication. http://cecp.air.org/download/MCMonographFINAL.pdf He writes, A leader is an individual (or, rarely, a set of individuals) who significantly affects the thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors of a significant number of individuals. Most acknowledged leaders are direct. They address their public face-to-face. But I have called attention to an unrecognized phenomenon: indirect leadership. In this variety of leading, individuals exert impact through the works that they create. Whether direct or indirect, leaders fashion stories: principally stories of identity. It is important that a leader be a good storyteller, but equally crucial that the leader embody that story in his or her life. When a leader tells stories to experts, the stories can be quite sophisticated; but when the leader is dealing with a diverse, heterogeneous group, the story must be sufficiently elemental to be understood by the untutored, or unschooled, mind. Daily Journal of Observations of team members, and leadership roles within these dynamics. Sunday, 11, Julyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Meeting at the airport getting ready to depart for a two week trip away from family and not knowing anyone you are traveling with can heighten anxiety in even the best of travelers. GoGlobal trips allow many observations of group members, but it also allows one to observe the practices and strategies of the school sponsors in their real-life leadership role. As I am waiting at the airport, as I always do, I spend a great deal of time looking at not what is being said, but at all the non-verbal communication that is also being seen. Understanding a little of those I will be traveling with is very important. My opinion through my various experiences and readings is that there is a high correlation between a leaders intuitiveness and their effectiveness. While not asked, I would assume that there would be a degree of this used when interviewing the prospects of such trips.

Culture affects Essay

This essay will be focussed on comparing two scenes from two different plays, the main characters and their personalities, and how their culture affects them.  The two plays in question are Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† and â€Å"Blackrock† by Nick Enright.  Arthur Miller was an American playwright who was born in 1915. He grew up in New York to a Jewish family. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1938 where he began to distinguish himself as a playwright. His play â€Å"The Crucible† was written in 1953 and later adapted to a film starring Daniel Day Lewis and Winnona Rider in 1996. â€Å"The Crucible† inspired by the Salem Witch Trials. A group of innocent girls are caught dancing and chanting in the forest around a fire. (Puritan England where all forms of dancing and enjoyment would be strictly forbidden) To save themselves from being punished, they cry witchcraft and within days the whole town goes mad searching for the presence of the ‘Devil’ and his witches. The few honest and true people who do not lie to save themselves from hanging are coldly murdered, including John Proctor the main male role. Nick Enright was born in Maitland in New South Wales. He started his career in the theatre as a teenager and wrote Blackrock in 19 and later on in 1997 was adapted to a film. â€Å"Blackrock† about a teen’s idyllic surfer lifestyle is shattered when a young girl is brutally murdered after a beach party and the investigation comes close to his circle of friends. The young man Jared, must deal with his conscience and his sense of loyalty to his friends.  Both the plays â€Å"Blackrock† and â€Å"The Crucible† although set in different time periods, both have a main character faced with some sort of personal moral dilemma. The decision between right and wrong, and having the courage to put yourself at risk on behalf of others. Act 4 of â€Å"The Crucible† The scene changes from the Vestry in the Courthouse to Salem jail.  Marshall Herrick enters and wakes up Goody Good and Tituba so that they can be moved to a different cell.  Tituba tells Herrick that they await the Devil, who will fly them to Barbados.  The Reverend Hale arrives and tells the prisoners that they must confess to being witches in order to thwart the ridiculous Court and avoid being hanged. Reverend Parris discovers that Abigail and Mercy Lewis have disappeared after robbing Parris and he suspects they may have boarded a ship. Parris delays telling Danforth this news because he fears that there will be a rebellion in Salem similar to the recent uprising in Andover. There they threw out the Court, as the people were unhappy with the proceedings.  When Danforth learns about the disappearance of Abigail he still considers that the evidence stands and will not postpone the executions for it would be a sign of weakness. Hale pleads with him to reconsider or at least give him time to persuade the prisoners to confess. Reverend Hale is having difficulties in persuading the seven condemned to death to confess, and he pleads again with Danforth for more time. He senses that Proctor is considering confessing, so he asks Elizabeth to talk to her husband stressing the future in store for their children if he is hanged. Elizabeth feels responsible for Proctor’s situation because she lied in Court. She also feels guilty for being suspicious about her husband after the affair with Abigail. She tells Proctor that she totally forgives him for the affair. Proctor hopes that if he makes an oral confession in Court, that will be sufficient for his Judges, but they require it in writing and it will be posted on the Church door. He cannot face this and, therefore, retracts his confession. He would rather die, and preserve his good name.

Crime and Deviance - Left and Right Realism - 1698 Words

Within this essay there will be a clear understanding of the contrast and comparison between left and right realism, supported by accurate evidence that will support and differentiate the two wings of realism. During the 1970’s to the early 1990’s there had emerged two new approaches to the study of crime and deviance. The discipline of criminology had expanded further introducing right and left realism, both believe in different areas and came together in order to try and get a better understanding on crime and prevention. There were many theorists that had influenced the realism approaches such as; Jock Young (Left Wing) and James Wilson (Right Wing). Realism, in philosophical terms, refers to the concept that there is a reality beyond†¦show more content†¦Those that believe in this approach oppose against rehabilitation and treatment of offenders and that they should be incarcerated, this would also act as a deterrent to potential offenders thus giving social control. Charles Murray (1990) had developed a theory called the ‘underclass’, this theory categorises those living in poverty and defines them as non-working, inadequate and dangerous to society. Such writings have been an influence on the right realists and have a need to reinforce personal responsibility for an individual’s behaviour. Murray goes on to discuss two different types of underclass, firstly, the poor. These are people that only have low income but maintain their morals and standards and secondly, there are those with low income and their morals and standards match that. Those households with low standards are stereotyped as untidy and contain drunken and disorderly behaviour. He claims the men cannot keep jobs and the children are ill-educated resulting in antisocial behaviour and juvenile delinquency. This theory talks about a ‘fear of crime’ that would be instilled into communities by the underclass because the underclass is a classic example of the habitual criminal. There was a widely accepted notion called populism that had led to an ‘us’ and ‘them’ concept,Show MoreRelated‚Äà ²Marxism Is No Longer Relevant to Our Understanding of Crime Deviance in Society‚Äà ´1269 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to answer the question, the terms Crime Deviance must firstly be defined. Crime is an act against the Law (robbery, murder etc), thus the act is known as illegal, whereas Deviance is an act that is not against the Law but an act seen as ‘abnormal’ and going against the norms values o f Society, such as cross-dressing etc. Marx developed the idea of Marxism (a conflict theory between Upper and Lower social classes) in the 18th Century, when social classes were very clearly defined-Read MoreCrime, Deviance, Social Order And Social Control3729 Words   |  15 PagesDifferent Definitions of: Crime, Deviance, Social order and Social control Crime is defined by the Oxford dictionary as ‘an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law.’ (Dictionary, 2015) Whereas deviance is failing to conform to the expectations held by society without necessarily breaking any laws. Criminal behaviour differs to deviant behaviour as a person can be deviant without committing a crime and vice versa, a person can be criminal without being deviant. ForRead MoreCrime, Deviance, And Deviance3445 Words   |  14 PagesCrime and Deviance This report will begin by making a distinction between the concepts of crime and deviance, accompanied by the concept that crime is a social construct. Then this report will evaluate some theoretical approaches to how and why crime exists. Further reference will be made to the existing crime statistics, and the validity and reliability of the official statistics that measure crime. Finally, this report will look into the presentation of crime in two areas of the mass media. AtRead MoreConflict Theory : Conflict Criminology, And Sociology799 Words   |  4 Pages2002). In the 1960s, criminologists began to study the social conditions of the U.S. which promoted class conflict and crime. This paper will discuss how conflict theory relates to both criminology and sociology, how politics play a role in conflict theory, and how politics influence crime rates of the lower class. Also, this paper will evaluate various sociological schools of crime causation. â€Å"Conflict theory is the view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and those who maintainRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 Pages SCLY4 Crime and Deviance with Theories Methods Past Papers Use the following past papers to practise your exam writing techniques and aid your revision. Make sure you look at the mark scheme for each question to assess your answer. Also check the ‘model answers’ from students to see where good AO1 and AO2 marks were scored. Crime and Deviance Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control. The social distribution of crime and deviance by age, ethnicityRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of The Issue of Taking an Item from Work1862 Words   |  8 PagesThe act of stealing items from work can be considered as a crime under criminal statute. 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In criminology, ‘realism’ is involved with the view that ‘crime’ is the outcome if known real-world causesRead MoreThe Effects Of Crime And The Media, Women And Crime, And Theories Of Crime Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pagesgiven much thought to crime. It was always in the back of my mind because of the seemingly increasing chances of becoming a victim of crime. Over the semester I have explored a range of topics relating to crime. The purpose of this essay is to reflect upon certain topics explored over the semester. I have chosen to focus on topics that had the profound effect on my learning. I have since been able to form an opinion that is back by theory on these topics. The topics chosen are: crime and the media, womenRead MoreSociology A2 Revision 2012 34479 Wor ds   |  18 Pages13th June, am Unit 4 exam: Tuesday 19th June, pm Easter Revision: tbc A2 Syllabus: AQA Sociology GCE (new specification) Unit 3: Mass Media (SCLY3) Worth 20% of your final A Level Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes 60 marks available Unit 4: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods (SCLY4) Worth 30% of your final A Level Written paper, 2 hours 90 marks available Timetable Use your revision checklists to draw up a timetable for revision leading up to the exam. Make sure you cover everything, butRead MoreCriminology : The Realist View And Constructivist Perspective1985 Words   |  8 PagesCriminology is the study of crime, those who commit crime and also studies the criminal justice and penal systems. Crime is defined as the act of omission established with the laws of the nation in which it occurred in. However, deviance as Downes and Rock suggested may be considered as the behaviour which is banned or controlled and would more limey attract punishment or disapproval. Not all deviances are crimes it is merely behaviours which do not comply with the norms of societies. It is important

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